GODARWP2 56 Page 4/4 Korean Oceanographic Data And Practical

godar-wp2 5-6 page 4/4 korean oceanographic data and practical application for marine science and industry hakgyoon kim kore

GODAR-WP2 5-6
Page 4/4
Korean Oceanographic Data and Practical Application for Marine Science
and Industry
HakGyoon KIM
Korea Oceanographic Data Center
Oceanographic Division, National Fisheries Research and Development
Institute
[email protected]
I. Korean oceanographic data
1. The terms of reference of KODC for data collection and services
The terms of reference for Korea Oceanographic Data Center (KODC) were
to collect, compile and disseminate Korean oceanographic data to all
stakeholders who want to make research and/or make use of them for
their respective benefits. The KODC, established in 1974, has been
operated in National Fisheries Research and Development Institute
(NFRDI) since 1981. Present major activities are ; i) to collect and
compile oceanographic data and inventories from national and
international sources, ii) to make data exchange with IOC member
states and neighboring countries, iii) to publish annual oceanographic
data reports such titles as “ Annual Report of Oceanographic
Observations”, “Oceanographic Information on Korean Waters”, and “KODC
Newsletter.” Another works of KODC are to improve and develop Korean
oceanographic observation systems to make ocean research more active
and efficient. On the other side, KODC manage the archaeological
dataset for better utilization and develop more efficient system for
oceanographic data and meta-data.
As mentioned at the first meeting, KODC has been operating an advanced
data management system which is facilitated by SUN/UNIX workstations
and the ORACLE Relational Database Software. Furthermore, KODC has
paid more attention to develop the Korea Oceanographic Data and
Information Inventory System for the efficient meta-data management
and services in Korea and also for promoting oceanographic data and
information exchange among IOC member states as well, especially with
IODE. This system will be founded on XML base and its DTD structure is
decided to follow the Marine Environmental Data Information Referral
System (MEDI) of the IOC pilot project for future data exchange
between MEDI and our system.
Now KODC provide data to users for a broad diversity of applications
including data assimilating models that process the measurements into
maps, plots, forecasts, and environmental statistics. KODC data
management system is to provide facilities for two data tracks, one in
real-time and on in delayed mode. Both tracks are based on the same
data sources and transmission system, but the data follow different
routes and are processed differently depending on user requirements.
2. Major organizations responsible for the collection of oceanographic
data
The oceanographic observations have been made since 1921 the
foundation year of NFRDI. At present, the oceanographic observations
belong to the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF) since
1996. Under the MOMAF, two governmental organizations of NFRDI and
National Oceanographic Research Institute (NORI) are implementing such
regular oceanographic observation and coastal environmental
monitoring. The Korea Meterological Administration (KMA) and Korea
Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) have a collaboration
and partnership with MOMAF in operating the real-time coastal and
ocean monitoring system. Herein, list the major activities of
oceanographic observations being carried out ;
- Regular and time serial oceanographic observation and coastal
environmental monitoring by NFRDI.
- Tide and current monitoring and bathymetric surveys by NORI.
- Developing the real-time coastal monitoring system by KORDI.
- Implementation of Korean ARGO Program by MOMAF, KMA, NFRDI, and
KORDI.
2-1. Serial Oceanographic Observations
Since the foundation of Fisheries Experiment Station (the predecessor
of NFRDI) in 1921, the serial oceanographic observations have been
carried out in Korea waters covering whole coastal and offshore waters.
In the beginning, six observation lines were surveyed occasionally
twice to six times a year. In 1935, there were 12 observation lines
covering the entire seas adjacent to Korea and expanded up to 100
miles from the coast. The Korean government reorganized the ocean
observing system for the Cooperative Study of Kuroshio (CSK) in 1961
and the present-day 191 stations from 25 observation lines have been
set up. The survey cruise is implemented bimonthly for the waters
around the Korean Peninsula and 4 times a year in the East China Sea.
The following parameters such as temperature, salinity, CTD, DO,
Nutrients (nitrates, nitrites, silicates, phosphates), zooplankton
biomass, and chlorophyll-a. Meteorological factors (air temperature,
air pressure, wind direction and speed, cloudage and cloud form, wave
direction and height) are simultaneously observed.
2-2. Remotely sensed oceanographic Data and real time service
Oceanographic data and images were collected from satellites, cruise
ships, drifting buoys and CTD. They make it possible to nowcast/forecast
the ocean dynamics especially to look for fishing grounds. These data
are objectively analyzed and promptly transmitted via facsimile and
web site of NFRDI every day. The oceanographic information services
are made on a daily, weekly and monthly base.
A full set of the serial oceanographic data and images taken by
satellite are immediately raised on the KODC web site
(http://kodc.nfrdi.re.kr).
2-3. Coastal monitoring network
This monitoring has been conducted by KORDI as one of the Integrated
Coastal Monitoring Networks, and KORDI has designed the implementation
plan for the establishment of a real-time coastal and ocean monitoring
network for the waters around the Korean Peninsula. This
implementation plan includes as follows: i) on board water quality
monitoring system using the routine ferry route, ii) establishment of
marine observation station using fixed coastal structures, iii)
development of the real-time water level monitoring system, and iv)
development of the real- time tide information system.
3. International and regional activities related to IOC
In conforming to NEAR-GOOS activities, KODC has since long been
operating the National Delayed Mode Data Base (NDMDB) of the NEAR-GOOS,
and KORDI is responsible for its National Real Time Data Base (NRTDB)
and operating the related web-site. With respect to ARGO program,
MOMAF, KMA and KORDI have participated in this ARGO program since 2001.
Korea has deployed about 30 ARGO floats..
Korean experts are actively participate in GEOHAB/IOC/SCOR activities
to share the knowledge and available data on harmful algal
blooms(HABs). MOMAF and NFRDI are undertaking HABs mapping and HAE-DAT
database in cooperation with PICES/ICES, and are trying to establish
regional HABs monitoring networks under NOWPAP programs.
The morphology and features of the seabed surrounding the Korean
Peninsula have been continually revealed in great detail. NORI is
responsible for bathymetric survey, and processing the accumulated
data to establish bathymetric database and to publish bathymetric
charts. For WCRP/ITSU, Korea has organized the El Nino Task Team in
KMA to monitor its development, to evaluate its impact on the Korean
Peninsula and to provide countermeasures against its potential
destructive force in 1997. The Team has disseminated the El Nino
information to the public through workshops, meetings and the internet
services.
II. Practical applications of oceanographic data and information
The importance of operating KODC is highly related to two global
patterns : i) ecosystem goods and services are concentrated in coastal
marine and estuarine systems relative to terrestrial and open ocean
systems, and ii) the number of people living, working, and playing
within 100km of the coastline is high and increasing rapidly relative
to more inland locations. The purpose of KODC is to establish a
sustained and integrated ocean data collection and service system that
makes more effective use of existing data and information. The
following are important users ;
1. The ocean and marine science - prediction of ocean dynamics
KODC has been providing all oceanographic and environmental data
essential to predict the ocean dynamics on the mode of real time and
delayed datasets. The clarification of ocean dynamics is a major
purpose to understand biological, chemical and physical properties of
the ocean. Well-designed observations and data management can clarify
the variability of the ocean and underlying mechanisms that regulate
marine ecosystem.
2. The utilization for population dynamic of living resources
To understand the fluctuation of fisheries resources, KODC serves oceanographic
data daily, weekly and monthly as forms of compiled data and
information. They provide informative information to find out fishing
gournds.
3. The forecasting marine disasters
Together with climate date, all the oceanographic data contribute to
mitigate marine disasters such as harmful algal blooms(HABs), oil
spill, tsunami, sea level rise, and storm surge.
3-1. Forecasting the outbreaks of ichthyotoxic red tides
Bio-chemical and physical oceanographic data have served for early
warning the harmful Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms that has been
caused socio-economic loss since 1995 in Korean water. Remotely sensed
temperature and chlorophyll data have been used to forecast the
movement of this harmful red tides.
3-2. Forecasting tsunami and storm surge
KODC, NORI, and KMA are working together for the early warning the
tsunami and storm surge using all available oceanographic and climate
data and information.
4. Marine transportation
Coastal and ocean current play very important role for the safety of
marine transportation. Korea is an exporting country, which needs well
qualified oceanographic and meteorological data.
5. Oceanography to secure human health
Coastal zone is the most populated area due to its nature and
amenities. Korea is one of the marine states, because marine products
are main source of protein consumptions for food diet. As eating live
fish is one of the favorite food in Korea, the sanitary status of
water quality should be checked to secure the safety of marine
products.
III. Conclusion
We notify the need of oceanographic data is increasing for the
prediction of ocean dynamics and natural disasters, to keep
sustainable marine production, and to secure human life in the sea. To
meet these goals, we should produce more data and information from the
ocean and coast. The collection of oceanographic and meteorological
data is the first thing of KODC, and technologies to develop tools and
facilities are the next thing to implement. In recent days,
integration of oceanographic data and tools of their visualization are
main tasks for ocean scientists and Korean oceanographers as well. The
efficiency and valorization of oceanographic data are decided not only
data collection, quality assurance and but also developed
technologies. This is why we cooperate an collaborate regionally and
internationally.
As one of executive members of IOC, Korea/KODC has shared our data and
ocean knowledge with member states, and also have solid cooperation
and partnership with international programs and regional organizations
such as GLOBEC, GOOS, IOC, UNEP, APEC, PICES, and NOWPAP.
To conclude, the major tasks of KODC is to develop an integrated
oceanographic data management and communication system that
efficiently transmits large volume of multi-disciplinary data (in real
time, near real time, and delayed modes) from many sources such as in
situ measurements, autonomous in situ sensors remote sensors) directly
or indirectly to all stakeholders for a wide variety of applications.
The ends.