facts about offenders! * an offender is someone who breaks the law and has been caught for committing an offence. *

Facts about offenders!
*
An offender is someone who breaks the law and has been caught for
committing an offence.
*
A repeat offender has been caught and convicted on more than one
occasion.
*
A non-indictable offence is not very serious
*
An indictable offence is one you can go to prison for, if you are
found guilty.
Drugs and offending.
*
Drugs cost some users up to £2,000 a week. Addicts throughout the
country make about £850m a year through crime to spend on drugs.
Financing drug use is by far the biggest single cause of
re-offending in the UK.
*
Research suggests that up to 20,000 pupils are suspended or
expelled each year in England for misuse of illegal drugs, tobacco
and alcohol. The researchers looked at a representative selection
of 1,100 schools.
*
Many think that the police rarely take formal action against
cannabis offences. In fact, of the 513,000 known indictable
offenders in England and Wales in 1999, just under one in seven
(69,377) were cautioned or convicted for possession of cannabis.
Since 1989 numbers found guilty or cautioned for cannabis
possession rose until they peaked in 1998. They are now falling.
Drugs and offending: Questions
1.
Using the source above, explain the meaning of the term offending.
2.
How much can drugs cost some users in one week?
3.
How much do drug users spend altogether on drugs in one year?
4.
How many pupils are excluded each year for drugs, alcohol or
tobacco?
5.
How many schools were studied?
6.
In what year was the highest number found guilty of possession of
cannabis?
7.
Explain one reason why the numbers convicted or cautioned for
cannabis use has fallen.
8.
Using one example, explain why the police are concerned to control
illegal drug use in Britain.
Facts about convictions.
*
Currently, less than 10% of recorded crime is punished by any sort
of court sentence.
*
Mobile phone robbery is usually committed by young men. Most
robbers are aged 14-17. Under-18s were five times more likely to
have their phones ‘jacked’ than adults. The majority of offences
were committed between two and six in the afternoon and the
classic attack took place outside the school gates straight after
school. In nine out of 10 cases, all the offenders were male, some
acting alone, most in gangs; and four in five victims were male.
*
Although crime remains mostly male, the proportion of criminals
who are female has been steadily rising since the 1960s. Today
almost one in every five adult offenders, and one in four juvenile
offenders, is female. In 1957, to give a comparison, only one in
ten juvenile offenders was female. However, females are less
likely to re-offend: only 6% of females have more than 5
convictions, compared with 20% of males.
*
58% of prisoners, and three in four young offenders, are
reconvicted within two years of release. Source: Finola Farrant
and Joe Levenson, 2002, Barred Citizens: Volunteering and Active
Citizenship by Prisoners.
Numbers of offences
Abstract of crime statistic, 1951-2000 (ONS)
============================================
England and Wales
=================
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2000
Offenders found guilty / cautioned
for indictable offences (2000):
Rate per 1,000 population aged 10 or over), of which:
3.5
4.5
10.2
13.1
11.6
10.3
Males
6.4
9.2
17.9
22.6
19.8
17.1
Females
0.8
1.3
2.9
4.2
4.0
3.8
Total (1000s)
128
200
394
569
517
476
Violent offences (1000s)
4
12
26
56
67
55
Motoring offences
371
713
988
1,211
713
608
Drunken driving
..
5
37
61
92
75
Facts about convictions: Questions
1.
What proportion of crime results in a court sentence?
2.
Who is most likely to be convicted or accused of mobile phone
robbery?
3.
At what time did the offences take place?
4.
Where did the offences take place?
5.
Which gender was most likely to have a phone stolen?
6.
Who is most likely to be convicted on any crime?
7.
What is happening to female rates of conviction?
8.
Explain one reason why males are more likely to be convicted of a
crime than females.
9.
What percentage of males re-offend?
10.
What percentage of females re-offend?
11.
What percentage of offenders who have received a prison sentence
re-offend?
12.
What percentage of young offenders re-offend?
13.
Identify and explain one reason for the rates of re-offending
among convicted criminals.
14.
Use the table to explain in which year crime rates were at their
highest.
15.
In which year was the highest rate of conviction of violent
offences?
16.
For which types of crime are people most likely to be convicted?
17.
Suggest one reason why there were no convictions for drunken
driving in 1951
18.
What factors could affect the numbers of convictions for offences?
Who are the victims of crime?
Groups experiencing a disproportionate amount of violence [BCS, 1998]
*
Young men (c.5 times average risk)
*
Young women (c.2 times average risk)
*
Asians
*
Females who have recently split with a partner (by ex-partners)
*
Family members (by other family members)
*
Single parents
*
Private renters
Punishing offenders, what works?
Most young offenders give up crime by their mid-20s; but this rule
doesn’t apply to those who have been sent to prison. According to
Helen Edwards, NACRO’s Chief Executive: “The effective use of prison
means less use of prison, because prison disrupts and retards the
process of growing up.” NACRO wants a return to the policy of keeping
young people out of jail unless there is no alternative, a strategy
turned on its head by Home Secretary Michael (‘jail works’) Howard in
1993.
In fact, most serious offenders are imprisoned: all murderers, 99% of
rapists, over 90% of robbers (a second conviction for armed robbery
results in an automatic life sentence), 70% of muggers and 61% of
house burglars (a third burglary conviction means a minimum sentence
of three years). About 11,000 teenagers are locked up in Britain,
proportionately the highest figure in Europe.
Punishing Offenders: Questions
1.
How many British teenagers are locked up in prison or offender
institutions each year?
2.
Why do some sociologists claim that prison doesn’t work? Look
through the sheet for different ideas to support your answer.
3.
What is the minimum sentence for three burglary convictions?
4.
What proportion of convicted rapists is put in prison?
5.
Suggest reasons why young men are more likely to be the victims of
crime than other social groups.
Development work (Discussion and ideas)
1.
Ask people around you if they know what an ASBO is. Do ASBOS work?
Write down your ideas.
2.
How could you prevent people from committing crime? Suggest your
own ideas.
3.
Why do you think men are more likely to commit crime than women?
Page 4 of 4

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