floating and sinking * how is it possible that huge ships made of _____________________ can float easily in water? *

Floating and Sinking
*
How is it possible that huge ships made of _____________________
can float easily in water?
*
Yet in a few hours the same ship can become a sunken
__________________ like the Titanic.
*
Why does most of an iceberg lie hidden _______________________ the
surface of the water?
*
To answer these questions, you need to find out what makes an
object ______________ and what make an object
______________________.
Comparing Densities
*
One reason objects float or sink is their
________________________.
*
An object that is _________________________________________ than
the fluid in which it is immersed ______________________.
*
An object that is _______________________________________ than the
fluid in which it is immersed ____________________________ to the
surface.
*
If the density of an object is ____________________ to the density
of the fluid in which it is immersed, the object neither rises nor
sinks in the fluid; it ______________________________
____________________________________________.
Floating and Sinking
*
Now you know why __________________ sinks: it is several times
________________ than water.
*
__________________________, which is less dense than water,
_____________________.
*
Is an ice cube more or less dense than water?
Iceberg straight ahead!
*
An ice cube _________________ in water because the density of ice
is ___________________ than the density of water.
*
But it’s just a ________________________________!
*
So most of a floating ice cube is
__________________________________________________.
*
Since an iceberg is really a very large ice cube, the part that
you see above water is only a
_________________________________________________of the entire
iceberg.
*
This is one reason why icebergs are so dangerous to ships.
Buoyant Force
*
If you have ever picked up an object under water, you know that it
seems _________________ in water than in air.
*
Water exerts a force called ____________________________ that acts
on a submerged object.
*
Buoyant force acts in the __________________________ direction,
against the force of gravity, so it makes an object feel
______________________________.
Weight vs. Buoyant Force
*
There is always a _______________________________ force on a
submerged object.
*
That force is the _______________________ of the object.
*
If the weight of the object is __________________________ than the
buoyant force, the object will ___________________.
*
If the weight of the object is _________________ than the buoyant
force, the object will begin to ________________
*
W hat can you infer about the weight and buoyant force from
the last picture?
Archimedes’ Principle
*
You know that Archimedes discovered that a submerged object
displaces, ________________
_________________________________________, a volume of fluid equal to
its own volume.
*
Using this idea, Archimedes came up with a principle that relates
_______________________
___________________________a submerged object ______________________to
the __________________________________________________on the object.
*
It states that the buoyant force on an object is
_____________________________ the weight of the fluid displaced by
the object.
*
Therefore, the ________________________________ an object
________________________, the
________________________________________________________________
it will have.
*
The more ______________________________ an object occupies, the
more water is displaces.
*
This is why it is easier to float in water when you are
__________________________________ on your back – you take up
__________________ surface area, displacing ____________ water,
therefore creating a ________________________ buoyant force.
Floating by changing mass
*
Changing the density of an object can make it
_______________________________ in a given fluid.
*
Even though you cannot change the density of an individual
substance, you can change the overall density of things that are
made of ____________________________________.
*
Submarines can change their overall _____________________, and
therefore their density to allow them to float and sink.
*
They do this by filling or releasing water from their
________________________________.
*
When water is pumped _______________ of its flotation tanks, the
overall mass of the submarine __________________________.
*
Since the volume remains the same, its density
__________________________________ when its mass
______________________________.
*
So the submarine will _____________________ to the surface.
*
What do you think a submarine does in order to sink?
*
To dive, the submarine
_______________________________________________.
*
In this way, it _______________________________________ (and thus
its density) and sinks!
*
Most ships are also designed to alter their overall density.
*
The _________________ (bottom part) of a ship contains a large
volume of _____________.
*
This air reduces the ship’s overall __________________________,
and therefore its density, and helps it to float.
Floating by changing volume
*
Another way of changing density is to change __________________.
*
If the mass is kept the same, ________________________________ the
volume of a substance, will ________________________________ its
density.
*
Increasing the ___________________________________ of a substance,
will also increase its _________________________________________.
*
This is because the ___________________________________ of water
displaced, the ___________________________________________________
(Archimedes Principle).
*
The ____________________________ of a ship causes it to displace a
greater volume of water than a solid piece of steel of the same
mass because it has a greater surface area.
*
The ______________________water it displaces, the easier it will
float!
*
A ship stays afloat as long as the buoyant force is
_________________________ its weight.

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