ANALYSIS OF IMPACT DRAFT 6 Analysis Of Impact Draft

analysis of impact draft 6 analysis of impact draft following the guidelines of the american psychological association name

ANALYSIS OF IMPACT DRAFT 6
Analysis of Impact Draft
Following the Guidelines of the American Psychological Association
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Introduction
This essay will be an analysis of a chosen technology’s influence on
society considering social impacts, cultural impacts, political
impacts, economic impacts and environmental impact. The chosen
technology is robotic surgery.
Social Impact
According to Barbash & Glied (2010), the social impacts of robotic
surgery are tremendous. Human beings have been able to sustain
themselves and improve their living standards due to this
revolutionary technology. Surgeons and highly skilled technicians have
needed to be trained on a technology that they did not know before and
reach areas of the human body that were otherwise unforeseen territory
prior to robotic surgery.
The social impacts have resulted in a stabilization of the human
population as a result of people who would otherwise have died if it
were not for the robotic surgery and now live longer lives due to this
surgery technique. The impact on their families is also tremendous as
family members now have the opportunity to see their loved ones live
longer. As well, the impact that these people living longer have on
society is also a great benefit to society in general.
Cultural Impact
The cultural impact surrounding robotic surgery is tremendous as well.
According to Luca, Valvo, Ghezzi, Zuccaro, Cenciarelli, Trovato &
Biffi (2013) when it comes to rectal cancer robotic surgery is
important in restoring the sexual and urinary functions of the
patients during this surgery. As well, in terms of reducing the stress
level of surgery in general Arora, Sevdalis, Nestel, Woloshynowych,
Darzi & Kneebone (2010) note that robotic surgery is extremely
successful in reducing the stress level of patients in their
interactions with the surgeon and highly skilled technicians involved.
When it comes to the effect that robotic surgery has on older patients
in the healthcare patient field, there are some older patients who
meet robotic surgery with some skepticism according to Broadbent,
Stafford & MacDonald (2009). Much of this skepticism is dealt with by
the healthcare field by educating the older patients as to the
benefits of using robotic surgery for their surgeries.
Political Impact
The political impact of robotic surgery usually comes through in some
of the litigation cases in a legal manner that can result from some of
the ineffectiveness of some surgeries. According to Darzi & Munz
(2004) there is also a chimney effect (which is commonly known as)
which is associated with robotic surgery that is of great political
debate. Many opponents of this chimney effect do not feel that it is
safe for the patient and argue that robotic surgery should not be
used.
According to Alemzadeh, Raman, Leveson, Kalbarczyk & Iyer (2016) did
research that found these conclusions associated with robotic surgery:
Despite widespread adoption of robotic systems for minimally invasive
surgery in the U.S., a non-negligible number of technical difficulties
and complications are still being experienced during procedures.
Adoption of advanced techniques in design and operation of robotic
surgical systems and enhanced mechanisms for adverse event reporting
may reduce these preventable incidents in the future (Alemzadeh,
Raman, Leveson, Kalbarczyk & Iyer, 2016).
Economic Impact
According to Ho, Tsakonas, Tran, Cimon, Severn, Mierzwinski-Urban &
Pautler (2011) the economic impact of robotic surgery as exemplified
in the sample country of Canada that there was a tremendous costly
impact of robotic surgery in that country which subsidizes it
healthcare. Robotic surgery is a costly endeavor and the costs of
robotic surgery usually mean that in the United States only wealthy
people can afford to opt for surgical interventions.
Environmental Impact
There are not particularly any environmental damages that are created
by robotic surgery. The environmental impact that is associated with
robotic surgery is more of a technological one where according to
Katsavelis, Siu, Brown-Clerk, Lee, Lee, Oleynikov & Stergiou (2009)
there are many virtual online environments which will teach and
educate surgeons, nurses and highly trained technicians regarding the
use of robotic surgical equipment for the use of surgery.
Conclusion
This essay has discussed the social, cultural, political, economic and
environmental impacts of robotic surgery.
References
Alemzadeh, H., Raman, J., Leveson, N., Kalbarczyk, Z., & Iyer, R. K.
(2016). Adverse events in robotic surgery: a retrospective study of 14
years of FDA data. PloS one, 11(4), e0151470. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4838256/
Arora, S., Sevdalis, N., Nestel, D., Woloshynowych, M., Darzi, A., &
Kneebone, R. (2010). The impact of stress on surgical performance: a
systematic review of the literature. Surgery, 147(3), 318-330.
Barbash, G. I., & Glied, S. A. (2010). New technology and health care
costs—the case of robot-
assisted surgery. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(8), 701-704.
Broadbent, E., Stafford, R., & MacDonald, B. (2009). Acceptance of
healthcare robots for the older population: review and future
directions. International Journal of Social Robotics, 1(4), 319-330.
Darzi, A., & Munz, Y. (2004). The impact of minimally invasive
surgical techniques. Annu. Rev. Med., 55, 223-237.
Ho, C., Tsakonas, E., Tran, K., Cimon, K., Severn, M.,
Mierzwinski-Urban, M. & Pautler, S. (2011). Robot-assisted surgery
compared with open surgery and laparoscopic surgery: clinical
effectiveness and economic analyses.
Katsavelis, D., Siu, K. C., Brown-Clerk, B., Lee, I. H., Lee, Y. K.,
Oleynikov, D., & Stergiou, N. (2009). Validated robotic laparoscopic
surgical training in a virtual-reality environment. Surgical endoscopy,
23(1), 66-73.
Luca, F., Valvo, M., Ghezzi, T. L., Zuccaro, M., Cenciarelli, S.,
Trovato, C. & Biffi, R.
(2013). Impact of robotic surgery on sexual and urinary functions
after fully robotic nerve-sparing total mesorectal excision for rectal
cancer. Annals of surgery, 257(4), 672-678.