Table 1631 Canine Vaccine Recommendations2005 VACCINE PRIMARY VACCINATION (PUPPY)

table 163-1. canine vaccine recommendations-2005 vaccine primary vaccination (puppy) ≤16 weeks primary vaccination (adult) 16 weeks

Table 163-1. Canine Vaccine Recommendations-2005
VACCINE
PRIMARY VACCINATION (PUPPY) ≤16 WEEKS
PRIMARY VACCINATION (ADULT) >16 WEEKS
REVACCINATION (BOOSTER) RECOMMENDATIONS
COMMENTS
Canine Distemper Virus (MLV)
Administer one dose at 6-8 weeks, then 9-11 weeks, then 12-14 weeks of
age
1 dose is protective
First booster is administered 1 year following the last dose of the
initial (puppy) series.
Additional boosters are administered every 3 years thereafter.
Highly Recommended:Despite manufacturer's annual booster
recommendations, studies have shown that adult dogs challenged 7 years
(Rockborn Strain) and 5 years (Onderstepoort Strain) following MLV
vaccination were protected. A booster vaccination interval of every 3
years among adult dogs in protective.
CORE
rCanine Distemper Virus (rCDV) (recombinant vaccine)
Administer one dose at 6-8 weeks, then 9-11 weeks, then 12-14 weeks of
age
2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart
Booster annually-or-
Booster may be administered (see comments section) every 3 years.
Recommended:May be used interchangeably or as an alternative to the
MLV-CDV vaccine. Does not provide "sterile" immunity and may take
longer to protect immunologically naïve dogs. Minimum demonstrated.
Duration of Immunity (DOI) for rCDV is >2 years.
Does not routinely provide sterile immunity and may take longer to
protect immunologically naïve dogs. The vaccine is not recommended
where the threat of exposure to CDV may be significant (e.g.,
shelters; pet stores).
NOTE: A vaccination program that includes MLV-CDV vaccine for the
initial vaccination followed by booster vaccination with rCDV would
provide excellent protection; revaccination with rCDV every 3 years
would then be reasonable.
CORE VACCINE (alternative to MLV CDV)
Distemper-Measles Virus (MLV)
Administer by the INTRA-MUSCULAR route only
One dose between 4 and 12 weeks of age[mldr ]only.
(Follow with one dose of MLV-CDV-or-
2 doses of rCDV vaccine after 12 weeks of age)
Not recommended for use in dogs over 12 weeks of age
Booster vaccination is NOT recommended.
Optional. Not Recommended for Routine Use. Intended to provide
temporary protection in young dogs only. Indicated for use in
households/kennels where distemper is a recognized problem. Do not
administer to female dogs over 12 weeks of age.
Not recommended for use in ANY dog over 12 weeks of age.
NOTE: If used in adults, the vaccine may result in maternal measles
virus antibody that would be passed to offspring. This maternal
antibody would interfere with subsequent vaccination against
distemper.
This vaccine will not immunize dogs if given by the subcutaneous
route.
NONCORE
Canine Parvovirus (MLV)
Administer one dose at 6-8 weeks, then 9-11 weeks, then 12-14 weeks of
age
1 dose (however, recommend-ing 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart is acceptable)
First booster is administered 1 year following the last dose of the
initial (puppy) series.
Additional boosters are administered every 3 years thereafter.
Highly Recommended: Although annual boosters are recommended by
vaccine manufacturers, studies have shown protection against challenge
up to 7 years post-vaccination with MLV vaccine.
CORE
Canine Parvovirus (killed)
Administer one dose at 2, 3 and 4 months of age
2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart
Annual
NOTE: Studies are not currently available demonstrating an extended
DOI for killed CPV products.
NOTE: Puppies completing the initial series with an MLV CPV vaccine
and revaccinated 1 year later with an MLV CPV vaccine could be
vaccinated every 3 year thereafter with the KILLED virus vaccine.
Recommended:A suitable to the MLV alternative canine parvovirus
vaccine in a LOW-risk environment, ALTHOUGH most practices routinely
use the MLV vaccine.
NOTE: Killed parvovirus products are susceptible to maternal antibody
interference in puppies as old as 16 to 18 weeks of age.
NOTE: Studies have shown protection against challenge 16 months
post-vaccination in dogs only vaccinated with killed vaccine.
NON-COREan alternative to the MLV vaccine
Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAV-1) (MLV and killed)
Administer one dose at 6-8 weeks, then 9-11 weeks, then 12-14 weeks of
age
2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart (Killed vaccine) 1 dose (MLV vaccine)
Annual (manufacturer recommendation)
Not Recommended.Infectious Canine Hepatitis is uncommon in the U.S.
Considering the low (to absent) prevalence, the risk of "hepatitis
Blue-Eye" reactions, and the fact that CAV-2 will cross-protect
against CAV-1, use of vaccines containing CAV-1 are notrecommended.
NOT RECOM-MENDED
Caution:At least 9 OTC vaccines Caution: At least 9 OTC vaccines
(available to pet owners without a prescription) are currently on the
market. Three of those vaccines contain a combination of BOTH CAV-1
and CAV-2!
Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAV-2) (MLV-parenteral or topical) (Killed)
Administer one dose at 6-8 weeks, then 9-11 weeks, then 12-14 weeks of
age
2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart (Killed vaccine)
1 dose (MLV vaccine)
First booster is administered 1 year following the last dose of the
initial (puppy) series.
Additional boosters are administered every 3 years thereafter.
Highly Recommended. Demonstrated cross protection against canine
hepatitis (CAV-1) and CAV-2, one of the agents known to be associated
with infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB). Usually combined with CDV and
CAV vaccine. Currently this product is not available as a monovalent
vaccine.
Adult dogs challenged 7 years following CAV-2 MLV vaccination were
found to be protected against the more virulent CAV-1.
CORE
Parainfluenza Virus (CpiV) (MLV-parenteral or topical)
Administer one dose at 6-8 weeks, then 9-11 weeks, then 12-14 weeks of
age
1 dose is adequate (However, recommend-ing 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart is
acceptable.)
Parenteral:First booster is administered 1 year following the last
dose of the initial (puppy) series.
Additional boosters are administered every 3 years thereafter.
Intranasal: Available only in combination with those Bordetella
bronchiseptica indicated for intranasal administration.
Unpublished data suggests the DOI may persist beyond 1 year.
Recommended.Usually combined with CDV and CAV vaccine. Currently this
product is not available as a monovalent vaccine. Parenterally
administered vaccine is less effective than topically (intranasal)
administered vaccine. DOI by challenge has been shown to be at least 1
year (unpublished) for topical vaccine.
Parenteral CPiV vaccine is available in combination with CDV, CPV, and
CAV-2 vaccines.
Intranasal CPiV vaccine is available In combination with B.
bronchiseptica and CAV-2 vaccines.
NONCORE
Bordetella bronchiseptica (killed bacterin)-Parenteral
Administer one dose at 6-8 weeks, then 10-12 weeks of age
2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart
Annual
Optional.Recent studies suggest the parenteral B. bronchiseptica
vaccine may be more efficacious than the topical vaccine when
administering boosters to adult dogs. The DOI is believed to be less
than 1 year.
There is no clear advantage in administration of the parenteral and
the topical B. bronchiseptica simultaneously.
NONCORE
Bordetella dogs bronchiseptica (live avirulent bacterin) +
Parainfluenza Virus (MLV)
TOPICAL (intranasal) USE ONLY
Administer a single dose as early as a 3 WEEKS OF AGE. (See product
literature for age recommendations.)
If topical vaccine is administered prior to 5-6 weeks of age, it
should be administered again after 6 weeks of age and at least 2 weeks
following the last dose.
Not stipulated, although a single dose is recommended.
Annual
[mldr ] if notvaccinated within the last 6 months, a booster is
recommended 1 wk prior to known exposure (e.g., boarding, showing)
Optional-Recommendedfor housed in kennels, shelters, pounds; prior to
boarding in kennels. Transient (3-10 days) coughing, sneezing, or
nasal discharge occurs in a small percentage of vaccinates.
Antimicrobial therapy may be indicated (Rx Doxycycline, 5-7 days) to
manage post-vaccination upper respiratory signs (persistent cough and
nasal discharge). DOI is believed to be approx. 10 months for
B.bronchiseptica.
NOTE: Topically administered vaccines for canine infectious
tracheobronchitis may provide a superior local immune response
compared to parenterally administered vaccines.
NONCORE
Bordetella bronchiseptica (live avirulent bacterin) +
Administer a single dose at ≥8 weeks of age.
A single dose is recommended.
Annual
Recommendedfor dogs considered to be at risk of exposure to any of the
pathogens listed.
Body_ID: T163001.1100
Parainfluenza Virus (MLV) +
Canine
Adenovirus-2 (MLV)
TOPICAL (intranasal) USE ONLY OPTIONAL
Some manufacturers may recommend administration as early as 3 to 4
weeks of age. This is recommended only when extremely high risk of
exposure is likely.
[mldr ] if notvaccinated within the last 6 months, a booster is
recommended 1 wk prior to known exposure (e.g., boarding, showing)
NOTE: Topically administered vaccines for canine infectious
tracheobronchitis may provide a superior local immune response
compared to parenterally administered vaccines.
DOI as noted above for individual vaccines.
Body_ID: T163001.1150
Borrelia burgdorferi; rLyme borreliosis (recombinant) Outer Surface
Protein A (OspA)
Initial dose may be given at 9 weeks of age and a required second dose
2-4 weeks later.
Optimal age for the initial dose is ≥3 months with a second dose 2-4
weeks later.
2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart
Annual (The Task Force has recommended that, depending on geographic
location, the vaccine be administered prior to the start of the tick
season.)
Optimal. NOTE: Lyme disease has limited regional prevalence; therefore
recommendation for use is limited to dogs known to have a high risk of
exposure.
NONCORE
The minimum DOI for the recombinant vaccine is 1 year based on
challenge.
Borrelia burgdorferi; Lyme borreliosis (killed whole bacterin)
Initial dose may be given at 9 weeks of age and a required second dose
2-4 weeks later.
Optimal age for the initial dose is ≥3 months with a second dose 2-4
weeks later.
2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart
Annual (The Task Force has recommended that, depending on geographic
location, the vaccine be administered prior to the start of the tick
season.)
Optional. Lyme disease has limited regional prevalence. Recommendation
for use is limited to dogs with a known high risk of exposure,
preferably dogs living in the Northeastern U.S. and the upper Midwest
(Wisconsin, Michigan) or perhaps those traveling to endemic areas when
the risk of tick exposure is considered to be high. Minimum DOI based
on challenge studies is 1 year.
NONCORE
Canine coronavirus (killed and MLV)
Administer one dose every 2-4 weeks of age until 12 weeks of age (MLV
and killed).
The killed vaccine may be administered as early as 6 weeks of age
followed by an additional dose every 2-3 weeks with the final dose at
12 weeks of age.
1 dose (if using MLV)
2 doses, 2-3 wks apart (if using killed)
(The Task Force does not recommend the use of CCV vaccine in adult
dogs since neither need nor benefit has been demonstrated in challenge
studies.)
Annual (manufacturer recommendation)
Neither product is recommended until clinical benefit demonstrated
over combined vaccines (e.g., CPV and CDV only) that do not contain
CCV antigen.
Prevalence of clinical cases of confirmed canine coronavirus infection
does not justify routine inoculation of all dogs. Clinical infections
are most likely to occur in puppies less than 6 weeks of age. Clinical
signs are mild or not apparent and typically resolve spontaneously.
It is recommended that animal shelters NOT utilize CCV vaccine in
routine vaccination programs due to additional costs incurred by doing
so and the lack of defined benefit. Experience has shown no additional
increase in infectious enteritis among adults or puppies subsequent to
discontinuing CCV vaccine.
The DOI for CCV vaccine can not be determined since control dogs that
are challenged do not become ill.
Neither the MLV CCV vaccine nor the killed CCV vaccine has been shown
to significantly reduce disease caused by a CCV + CPV challenge.
NOT GENERALLY RECOMMENDED
Leptospira interrogans (L. canicola combined with L.
icterohaem-orrhagiae) (killed bacterin) (Also available with serovars
grippotyphosa and pomona)
Administer 1 dose at 12 weeks and a second at 16 weeks of age.
NOTE: For optimal response, do not administer to dogs less than 12
weeks of age.
2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart
Annual
Some authors recommend a booster every 6 months in dogs known to be at
significant risk of exposure, i.e., documentation of infections in the
practice population or area.
Arbitrary administration of leptospirosis vaccines every 6 months is
NOT recommended.
Optional.NOTE: Disease prevalence is likely to vary for each serovar.
Vaccine recommendations are therefore difficult to make due the lack
of information on prevalence of specific serovar infections among dogs
living in various geographic regions of the U.S.
Anecdotal reports from veterinarians and breeders suggest that the
incidence of post-vaccination reactions (acute anaphylaxis) in puppies
(less than 12 weeks of age) and small breed dogs is high. Reactions
are most severe in young (<9 weeks of age) puppies. Routine use of the
vaccine should be delayed until dogs are ≥12 weeks of age.
Minimum DOI based on challenge studies has been shown to be
approximately 12 months for serovars L. canicolaand L.
icterohaemorrhagiae. Efficacy, however, is <75%.
(Data is not available on theDOI for L. grippotyphosa and L.pomona)
Body_ID: T163001.1500
NONCORE
Body_ID: T163001.1550
Giardia lamblia (killed)
An initial dose may be given at 8 weeks of age; a second dose should
be given 2-3 weeks later.
2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart
Annual (manufacturer's recommendation) The Task Force recommends that
boosters are NOT necessary in dogs ≥1 year of age.
Not Recommended. The vaccine may prevent oocyst shedding but does not
prevent infection.
Infection in puppies (and kittens) is often subclinical.
Although giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasite among
people in the U.S. the source of human infection is contaminated
water. Infections in dogs and cats are not considered to be zoonotic.
The vaccine does NOT prevent infection, therefore a minimum DOI based
on challenge is not reported.
NOT GENERALLY RECOM-MENDED
Rabies 1-year (killed)
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRA-TION MAY NOTBE OPTIONAL-see product literature for
details.
Administer 1 dose as early as 3 months of age.
Administer a single dose.
Annual. State, provincial, and/or local laws apply.
The 1-year rabies vaccine may be used as a booster vaccine when dogs
are required, in accordance with local statutes, to be vaccinated
annually against rabies.
Required. MLV vaccines are no longer available for administration in
the U.S. State and local statutes govern the frequency of
administration for products labeled as "1-Year Rabies."
NOTE: The Rabies (1-year) vaccine is generally administered as the
initial dose followed, 1 year later, by administration of the Rabies
(3-year) Vaccine. State and local statutes may dictate otherwise.
CORE
Rabies 3-year (killed)
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRA-TION MAY NOTBE OPTIONAL-see product literature for
details.
Administer 1 dose as early as 3 months of age.
NOTE: The 3-year rabies vaccine may be used as an alternative to the
1-year rabies vaccine for initial and subsequent doses. Local statutes
apply.
Administer a single dose.
NOTE: The 3-year rabies vaccine may be used as an alternative to the
1-year rabies vaccine for initial and subsequent doses. Local statutes
apply.
The second rabies vaccination is recommended 1-year following
administration of the initial dose regardless of the animal's age at
the time the first dose is administered.
Depending on local statutes, booster vaccines should be administered
annually or every 3 years thereafter.
Required. State and local statutes govern the frequency of
administration for products labeled as Rabies (3-year) [mldr ] these
statutes vary throughout the U.S. and Canada.
NOTE: The Rabies (1-year) vaccine is generally administered as the
initial dose followed, 1 year later, by administration of the Rabies
(3-year) Vaccine. State and local statutes may dictate otherwise.
The Task Force recommends that every effort should be made to change
laws that require vaccination with the 3-year rabies vaccine at any
interval less than 3 years. Doing so does not increase efficacy and
may actually be associated with adverse events.
CORE
NOTE: Letter designation "r" preceding the name of the antigen
indicates a recombinant vaccine.
NOTE: Route of administration is SQ or IM unless otherwise noted by
the manufacturer.